DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names like example.com into IP addresses like 192.0.2.1. It acts as the internet’s phonebook — allowing users to enter familiar names into browsers, while DNS ensures their request reaches the correct server. Without DNS, using the internet would require memorizing numeric addresses.
How does DNS work?
When you visit a website, your browser sends a query to a DNS server to find the IP address associated with the domain name. That server responds with the correct address so the connection can be made. This process is typically invisible to users and happens in milliseconds.
DNS consists of several layers:
- Root servers: the top of the DNS hierarchy.
- Top-level domains (TLDs): like
.com,.org, or.nl. - Authoritative name servers: which return the final IP address for the requested domain.
DNS records also store other information, such as mail server addresses (MX), authentication data (TXT records like SPF/DKIM/DMARC), and security settings (e.g., DNSSEC).
Why is DNS important for cybersecurity?
DNS is a vital internet function — and a frequent attack vector. Common threats include:
- DNS spoofing: redirecting users to malicious websites.
- DNS hijacking: altering DNS records to intercept email or web traffic.
- Weak or missing DNS records: exposing systems to phishing or data leaks.
Organizations must manage their DNS configurations carefully to avoid security issues. In a supply chain context, monitoring the DNS posture of third parties is just as important.
DNS and RiskStudio
RiskStudio provides visibility into your suppliers’ DNS security. Our platform automatically analyzes DNS records and flags risks like missing security entries, expired pointers, or suspicious configurations. We also monitor DNS changes over time and correlate them with threat intelligence, so you stay ahead of attacks. With RiskStudio, you gain control over a foundational — yet often overlooked — part of digital supply chain security.
